--- title: "Tuscany's 'mezzadria', what the Chianti owes to sharecropping" url: 'https://invitationtotuscany.com/guide/italy/tuscany/tuscanys-mezzadria-what-the-chianti-owes-to-sharecropping' markdown: 'https://invitationtotuscany.com/guide/italy/tuscany/tuscanys-mezzadria-what-the-chianti-owes-to-sharecropping.md' lang: en date: '2025-09-13' description: "What the Chianti owes to sharecropping The development of agriculture and wine producing in the Chianti owes much to the system of sharecropping, 'mezzadria', that existed in Tuscany from the late Renaissance to post-WWII. An evolution of feudalism, the landowner of the farm had a compact with the sharecropper, mezzadro, to provide seed, implements and housing in exchange for the cultivation of the land, with profits being shared equally. Before machinery was affordable, horse power aided the harvest. A well-fed hog was a farmer's prized possession. Farm workers tied to the land This system continued for centuries all over Italy, with the lives of the farm workers tightly controlled by the Lord (Signore) whose house they maintained for his occasional visits, particularly at harvest time. The vendemmia is a time for all to pitch in Olive harvest meant the ladders came out and the pickers went up into the trees. Fight for better rights After WWII, even as the Italian Communist Party sought to improve social and economic conditions in the countryside, this system began to collapse. The Italian Communist Party found many farmers who joined the fight for reform Rice-pickers on bicycles demonstrate for their desire to protect their land and their work Exodus to the cities Impoverished working conditions, absent landlords, and farmhouses in dire need of repair with few funds to provide it meant jobs in the industrial north were a more attractive livelihood. Whole families left the country for city living . Abandoned farms and villages One by one, farms were abandoned and farmhouses sat empty on the land. Thankfully, many of these buildings have since been acquired by Italians and foreigners alike and converted to comfortable country homes or smaller farming estates and vineyards who have kept the Chianti agricultural tradition alive. Abandoned houses rest on the Chianti hills until they are adopted and made whole again. Staying in any of our properties in the Chianti allow guests to discover this fascinating area for themselves. When we moved to Tuscany in the early 70s there were still farmers living under the mezzadria system. I made this sketch of our neighbour who still used his white oxen to get around (when he wasn't ploughing with them). He would occasionally give me sister and me a lift to school on the beautiful cart. White oxen in Tuscany" taxonomy: category: - Guide tag: - History - 'Food and Wine' area: - Italy - Tuscany - Siena - Chianti --- Since 1982: over 40 years' experience Google: 4.8 [Google: 4.8](https://www.google.com/search?q=Invitation+to+Tuscany+Ltd) [+44 (0)20 8444 9500](tel:+442084449500)| [Whatsapp: ](https://api.whatsapp.com/send?phone=447700164339) ![Tuscany's 'mezzadria', what the Chianti owes to sharecropping](https://invitationtotuscany.com/user/pages/03.guide/01.italy/01.tuscany/tuscanys-mezzadria-what-the-chianti-owes-to-sharecropping/oxen.jpg) [ Guide ](https://invitationtotuscany.com/guide) [ Italy ](https://invitationtotuscany.com/guide/italy) [ Tuscany ](https://invitationtotuscany.com/guide/italy/tuscany) [ Tuscany's 'mezzadria', what the chianti owes to sharecropping ](https://invitationtotuscany.com/guide/italy/tuscany/tuscanys-mezzadria-what-the-chianti-owes-to-sharecropping) # Tuscany's 'mezzadria', what the Chianti owes to sharecropping ## - [History](https://invitationtotuscany.com/guide/tag:History) - [Food and Wine](https://invitationtotuscany.com/guide/tag:Food%20and%20Wine) #### Table of Contents - [What the Chianti owes to sharecropping](#what-the-chianti-owes-to-) - [Farm workers tied to the land](#farm-workers-tied-to-the-) - [Fight for better rights](#fight-for-better-rights) - [Exodus to the cities](#exodus-to-the-cities) - [Abandoned farms and villages](#abandoned-farms-and-villa) ![author dan wrightson](https://invitationtotuscany.com/user/themes/tuscan/images/dan-wrightson.jpg "dan wrightson")Author: Dan Wrightson Dan Wrightson grew up in Tuscany, Italy and has been writing about, sketching and exploring Tuscany and Italy since 1983. 19th Dec 2018 13th Sep 2025 --- ## What the Chianti owes to sharecropping The development of agriculture and wine producing in the Chianti owes much to the system of sharecropping, 'mezzadria', that existed in Tuscany from the late Renaissance to post-WWII. An evolution of feudalism, the landowner of the farm had a compact with the sharecropper, mezzadro, to provide seed, implements and housing in exchange for the cultivation of the land, with profits being shared equally. ![grani-antichi-6](https://invitationtotuscany.com/user/pages/03.guide/01.italy/01.tuscany/tuscanys-mezzadria-what-the-chianti-owes-to-sharecropping/grani-antichi-6.jpg "Before machinery was affordable, horse power aided the harvest.")Before machinery was affordable, horse power aided the harvest. [Before machinery was affordable, horse power aided the harvest.](https://invitationtotuscany.com/images/g/r/a/n/i/grani-antichi-6-121939fe.jpg) ![well-fed hog](https://invitationtotuscany.com/user/pages/03.guide/01.italy/01.tuscany/tuscanys-mezzadria-what-the-chianti-owes-to-sharecropping/mezzadria_5.jpg "A well-fed hog was a farmer's prized possession.")A well-fed hog was a farmer's prized possession. [A well-fed hog was a farmer's prized possession.](https://invitationtotuscany.com/images/m/e/z/z/a/mezzadria5-fe5cf983.jpg) ## Farm workers tied to the land This system continued for centuries all over Italy, with the lives of the farm workers tightly controlled by the Lord (*Signore*) whose house they maintained for his occasional visits, particularly at harvest time. ![Vendemmia](https://invitationtotuscany.com/user/pages/03.guide/01.italy/01.tuscany/tuscanys-mezzadria-what-the-chianti-owes-to-sharecropping/Vendemmia-vi.jpg "The vendemmia is a time for all to pitch in")The vendemmia is a time for all to pitch in [The vendemmia is a time for all to pitch in](https://invitationtotuscany.com/images/v/e/n/d/e/vendemmia-vi-23641a7a.jpg) ![olive picking](https://invitationtotuscany.com/user/pages/03.guide/01.italy/01.tuscany/tuscanys-mezzadria-what-the-chianti-owes-to-sharecropping/raccolta_olive_2.jpg "Olive harvest meant the ladders came out and the pickers went up into the trees.")Olive harvest meant the ladders came out and the pickers went up into the trees. [Olive harvest meant the ladders came out and the pickers went up into the trees.](https://invitationtotuscany.com/images/r/a/c/c/o/raccoltaolive2-24147e7f.jpg) ## Fight for better rights After WWII, even as the **Italian Communist Party** sought to improve social and economic conditions in the countryside, this system began to collapse. ![communist workers](https://invitationtotuscany.com/user/pages/03.guide/01.italy/01.tuscany/tuscanys-mezzadria-what-the-chianti-owes-to-sharecropping/scariolanti1.jpg "The Italian Communist Party found many farmers who joined the fight for reform")The Italian Communist Party found many farmers who joined the fight for reform [The Italian Communist Party found many farmers who joined the fight for reform](https://invitationtotuscany.com/images/s/c/a/r/i/scariolanti1-e85fb3a7.jpg) ![sciopero_mondine](https://invitationtotuscany.com/user/pages/03.guide/01.italy/01.tuscany/tuscanys-mezzadria-what-the-chianti-owes-to-sharecropping/sciopero_mondine.jpg "Rice-pickers on bicycles demonstrate for their desire to protect their land and their work")Rice-pickers on bicycles demonstrate for their desire to protect their land and their work [Rice-pickers on bicycles demonstrate for their desire to protect their land and…](https://invitationtotuscany.com/images/s/c/i/o/p/scioperomondine-d6111c61.jpg) ## Exodus to the cities Impoverished working conditions, absent landlords, and farmhouses in dire need of repair with few funds to provide it meant jobs in the industrial north were a more attractive livelihood. ![families emigrating](https://invitationtotuscany.com/user/pages/03.guide/01.italy/01.tuscany/tuscanys-mezzadria-what-the-chianti-owes-to-sharecropping/FOTO-SALENTO-TRENO.jpg "Whole families left the country for city living")Whole families left the country for city living [Whole families left the country for city living](https://invitationtotuscany.com/images/f/o/t/o/-/foto-salento-treno-f990d700.jpg) . ## Abandoned farms and villages One by one, farms were abandoned and farmhouses sat empty on the land. Thankfully, many of these buildings have since been acquired by Italians and foreigners alike and converted to comfortable country homes or smaller farming estates and vineyards who have kept the Chianti agricultural tradition alive. ![Barn_in_tolomei](https://invitationtotuscany.com/user/pages/03.guide/01.italy/01.tuscany/tuscanys-mezzadria-what-the-chianti-owes-to-sharecropping/Barn_in_tolomei.jpg "Abandoned houses rest on the Chianti hills until they are adopted and made whole again.")Abandoned houses rest on the Chianti hills until they are adopted and made whole again. [Abandoned houses rest on the Chianti hills until they are adopted and made whol…](https://invitationtotuscany.com/images/b/a/r/n/i/barnintolomei-815ff398.jpg) Staying in any of our [properties in the Chianti](https://invitationtotuscany.com/villas/italy/tuscany/chianti) allow guests to discover this fascinating area for themselves. When we moved to Tuscany in the early 70s there were still farmers living under the mezzadria system. I made this sketch of our neighbour who still used his white oxen to get around (when he wasn't ploughing with them). He would occasionally give me sister and me a lift to school on the beautiful cart. ![oxen](https://invitationtotuscany.com/user/pages/03.guide/01.italy/01.tuscany/tuscanys-mezzadria-what-the-chianti-owes-to-sharecropping/oxen.jpg "White oxen in Tuscany")White oxen in Tuscany [White oxen in Tuscany](https://invitationtotuscany.com/images/o/x/e/n/-/oxen-9d8db70c.jpg) ![author dan wrightson](https://invitationtotuscany.com/user/themes/tuscan/images/dan-wrightson.jpg "dan wrightson")Author: Dan Wrightson Dan Wrightson grew up in Tuscany, Italy and has been writing about, sketching and exploring Tuscany and Italy since 1983. 19th Dec 2018 13th Sep 2025 --- [ Previous Post](https://invitationtotuscany.com/guide/italy/tuscany/valdorcia/best-places-to-visit-near-valdorcia) [ Top of Page](#top) [Next Post ](https://invitationtotuscany.com/guide/italy/tuscany/best-times-to-visit-tuscany) ### Contact Us ### UK: Head Office [ +44 (0)20 8444 9500](tel:+442084449500) [ info@invitationtotuscany.com](mailto:%7B%7B%20'info@invitationtotuscany.com'%7Csafe_email%20%7D%7D) All Payments are secured by - 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